Examining the socio-economic determinants of adoption of the 'Government Gateway' initiative in the UK

This paper empirically examines the impact of socio-economic determinants upon the adoption of a recent UK e-government initiative, the 'Government Gateway'. The data on five socio-economic characteristics was collected employing a postal survey. The findings of this research suggest that the three variables of age, gender and occupation significantly differentiated the adopters from the non-adopters of the Government Gateway, whilst education and income were found to be non-significant. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of promoting the adoption of emerging Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and reducing the digital divide against less privileged parts of the population

On the peak-to-average power of OFDM signals based on oversampling

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) introduces large amplitude variations in time, which can result in significant signal distortion in the presence of nonlinear amplifiers. We introduce a new bound for the peak of the continuous envelope of an OFDM signal, based on the maximum of its corresponding oversampled sequence; it is shown to be very tight as the oversampling rate increases. The bound is then used to derive a closed-form probability upper bound for the complementary cumulative distribution function of the peak-to-mean envelope power ratio of uncoded OFDM signals for sufficiently large numbers of subcarriers. As another application of the bound for oversampled sequences, we propose tight relative error bounds for computation of the peak power using two main methods: the oversampled inverse fast Fourier transform and the method introduced for coded systems based on minimum distance decoding of the code

Artificial reproduction of Siganus sutor using LHRHα2 and HCG in Hormozgan Province, south of Iran

Feasibility of reproduction of rabbitfish, Siganus sutor, using LHRHα2 and HCG hormones were carried out during the years 2003 and 2004. Thirteen fishes were injected in April and May 2004 with LHRHα2 and HCG hormones used for males and females respectively. Injection dosage was 200 mu g/kg of fish body weight amounting to 500 IU fish/day. Fish larvae were fed with rotifers which were themselves fed with cultured algae. Two injected female fish and four males responded to injection and spawned in April 2004. The total number of obtained eggs was 1,404,000. Fertilization and hatching rate were %100 and %98.5 respectively. Results revealed that reproduction of Siganus sutor is possible in Hormozgan Province, south Iran

A Link-Level Simulator of the cdma2000 Reverse-Link Physical Layer.

The cdma2000 system is an evolutionary enhancement of the IS-95 standards which support 3G services defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). cdma2000 comes in two phases: 1XRTT and 3XRTT (1X and 3X indicates the number of 1.25 MHz wide radio carrier channels used and RTT stands for Radio Transmission Technology). The cdma2000 1XRTT, which operates within a 1.25 MHz bandwidth, can be utilized in existing IS-95 CDMA channels as it uses the same bandwidth, while 3XRTT requires the commitment of 5 MHz bandwidth to support higher data rates. This paper describes a software model implementation of the cdma2000 reverse link and its application for evaluating the effect of rake receiver design parameters on the system performance under various multipath fading conditions. The cdma2000 models were developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), using SPW (Signal Processing Worksystem) commercial software tools. The model has been developed in a generic manner that includes all the reverse link six radio configurations and their corresponding data rates, according to cdma2000 specifications. After briefly reviewing the traffic channel characteristics of the cdma2000 reverse link (subscriber to base station), the paper discusses the rake receiver implementation including an ideal rake receiver. It then evaluates the performance of each receiver for a Spreading Rate 3 (3XRTT) operation, which is considered as a true "3G" cdma2000 technology. These evaluations are based on the vehicular IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication 2000) channel model using the link budget defined in cdma2000 specifications for the reverse link

In vitro expression of apocarotenoid genes in Crocus sativus L.

Calli were successfully induced from style explants of Crocus sativus L. on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with -naphthalene acetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Then they were divided into three different types based on developmental stages and pigmentation progress in induced stigma-like structures. RT-PCR method was set up using calli in different developmental stages to detect expression levels of CsLYC, CsBCH1, CsZCD and CsUGT2 genes for apocarotenoids biosynthesis via mevalonic acid pathway in C. sativus. The results obtained from in vitro investigationof CsUGT2 expression levels in all three developmental stages were analyzed and compared with the expression levels of selected genes carried out on intact stigmas in vivo. Apparently, this gene was only expressed in the stage III of the three in vitro different SLSs developmental stages. Furthermore,the expression levels of CsLYC, CsBCH1, CsZCD were detected in stage III with fully developed SLSs and were comparable with those of in red intact stigmas

The level of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk produced in alborz province, Iran

Background: Aflatoxins are agroupof very toxiccompoundsproducedby a fungal speciesandare foundin food products. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a type found in dairy products and resistant to pasteurization. AFM1 can adversely affect hepatocytes in human and leading to various liver diseases. Thus, it is essential to examine raw milk for the presence of AFM1. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of AFM1 in raw and pasteurized milk produced in Alborz province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Ninety seven samples of rawmilk and 20 samples of pasteurized milk were collected from milk collecting centers and different supermarkets, respectively. Samples were analyzed to determine AFM1 level by immunoaffinity column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column with fluorescence detector. Mobile phase was water-acetonitrile-methanol (6:2:2 V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute. Results: AFM1 was detected in all samples with various concentration levels ranging from 0.0024 to 0.231 μg/kg, the mean concentration = 0.027±0.018 μg/kg. Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, 9.27 of the rawmilk and 5 of the pasteurized milk samples had higher levels of AFM1 than the maximum recommended limit (0.05 μg/kg) by food and agriculture organization (FAO). © 2016, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

End effect on determining shear modulus of timber beams in torsion tests

The end effect plays an important role in determining where the rotation measuring gauges should be located in a torsion test. A thorough review on the impact of end effect in a torsion test has been conducted, followed by an experimental validation. A close-ranged photogrammetric method using binocular stereo vision technique was employed in this study. The results have indicated that the end effect has a great impact on a region of 1.5 times the cross-sectional depth of the beam from the supports. Therefore, the distance between the gauges and the supports as specified in BS EN 408:2010+A1:2012 for the torsion test setup is not sufficient for the beams with slender cross-sections. This research has also indicated that it is more appropriate to use the depth of the beam as the referencing dimension to specify this required minimum distance

Survey of production per area of Fenneropenaeus (Penaeus) merguiensis and F. indicus in Hormozgan province

This project was conducted to survey production per hectare and other growth index of fenneropenaeus merguinsis and F. indicus in zar abzy fram in earthen ponds of Tiab area Hormozgan province. In this research for obtain aims used with two treatment and 3 replication. Postlarvaes were stocked at density 20 ind/m^2. Shrimp were fed by imported pellet on the basis of standard feeding table. In order to obtain the growth rate and calculation of daily feeding shrimp become biometry twice a month. Some of the physico chemical factor such and pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured twice a month too. The results showed that mean weight of fenneropenaeus merguiensis were about 16.76 gr with mean daily growth 0.013 gr/day and for F. indicus obtain about 11.44 gr with mean daily growth 0.09 gr / day too. The results showed that mean F.C.R and survival rate in treatment 1 and 2 obtain 4.1 and 10 percent 1.7 and 64 percent respectively. The results showed that propagation of F.merguiensis is feasible and it can a culture species if suitable food is available